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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 



ON 



United <■ States ^ History, 



FOR THE USE OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS. 



By JOSIAH HUGHES, 



r^A^Jl?^IOR OF "the teachers' AND STUDENTS' 

C-'Sf^^ . "^; „ QUESTION BOOK." 




CHARLESTON, AV. VA. : 

R. W. VANDALP: & COMPANY. 

1892. 



COPYRIGHT BY 

R. W. V AND ALE & COMPANY 
1892. 






PFvESS OF 

BUTLtR PHINTiNG CGMPANY, 

CHARLESTON, W. VA. 



PREFACE. 



The following series of questions and an- 
swers on United States History Avas prepared 
to assist teachers and pupils in reviewing the 
subject, witliout reading all that the text- 
book contains. 

The teacher who gives frequent reviews to 
his classes wdll enjoy the satisfaction of know- 
ing that his pupils learn history — not merely 
read it. It is a fact in education, that reten- 
tion is tlie product of repetition and atten- 
tion. We learn facts, as v/e learn faces, by 
giving attention repeatedly to them. 

It has been the ambition of the author to 
present not only the facts of history, but also 
the philosophy of the subject. 

JosiAH Hughes. 
Charleston, W. Va., | 
January 1, 1892. j 



QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

— ON — 

Hnttcb States -E^istory. 

1. Who were the Mound Builders? 

The Mound Builders were a race of people 
who inhabited parts of J^orth America prior 
to the Indians. 

2. Why were the Mound Builders so named ? 
They were called "Mound Builders" be- 
cause they constructed many strange earth- 
works called mounds. 

3. Where are these Mounds found? 

They are found in various parts of North 
America, but chiefly in the valleys of the 
Ohio and Mississippi rivers. 



6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWEKS 

4. What do these earthworks seem to represent ? 

Some aeem to have been designed as forti- 
fications, and others were probably intended 
for religions ceremonies or as monuments 
to the dead. A tew were built in the shape 
of serpents, of men or of animals. 

5. What of the mound near Wheeling ? 

This mound is fifty rods in circumference, 
and ninety feet in perpendicular height. It 
is filled with thousands of human skeletons, 
and was probably situated near some great 
cit}^, and was a general deposit of the dead 
for ages— where they were placed in grada- 
tion, one layer above another, till they reach- 
ed the top. Judging from the large trees 
growing on the mound, amid old and decay- 
ed timber covered with mould and leaves, 
showing them to be of the second or third 
growth, it must have been at least twelve 
hundred years since it was constructed. 
— Guernsey's U. S. History. 

6. What race of people followed the Mound 
Builders ? 

The Indians. 

7. Why were the Indians so named ? 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 7 

When Columbus touched land, in 1492, 
he believed he had reached India, and con- 
sequently called the natives "Indians." 

8. What is the probable origin of the American 
Indians? 

Authors do not agree on this subject. 
Some have said that the race is of Jewish 
descent; others, Carthaginian ; others, Mon- 
golian ; and others, Welsh. Most authors 
agree that they descended from some Tar- 
tar, Mongolian, Siberian or Scythian race, 
and that they entered America by way of 
Behring's Strait, which was at one time a 
neck of land. 

9. Name the four great famihes of Indians that 
were found east of the Mississippi. 

Algonquin, Iroquois, Appalachee, and 

Cherokee. 

10. With what family of Indians did the first 
English settlers come in contact ? 

Algonquin. 

1 1 . Where were the Algonquins found ? 

In the region of the Great Lakes, and 
alons: the Atlantic coast. 



8 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

12. Name five branches of the Algonquin fam- 
ily found along the Atlantic coast. 

Delawares, Powhatans, Mohicans, Pe- 

qiiocls, and Narragansetts. 

1 3. When and by whom was Greenland discov- 
ered? 

In 970, by Guubiorn, who sailed from Ice- 
land. 

14. Who iDrobably visited the main-land of 
North America in 1001 ? 

Leif Erikson and Biorn, two Norwegians. 

It is supposed that they landed on an island 

near Cape Cod, and a permanent camp was 

made at Mt. Hope Bay, in Rhode Island, and 

the country was named Vinland. 

15. When and where was Christopher Colum- 
bus born ? 

About 1440, in Genoa, Italy ; or possibly, 

according to recent discoveries, on the island 

of Corsica, which was then held by Genoa. 

1 6. Sketch briefly the early life of Columbus. 
Columbus was the son of a wool-comber, 

and assisted his father until he was about 
fourteen years of age. He received a good 
education. He was very apt in geography, 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 9 

astronomy, and geometry. He passed most 
of his youth and early manhood in study and 
travel. 

17. What route was sought by the commercial 
men of Europe during the fifteenth century ? 

A near water route to India. 

1 8. Why was a water route to the East Indies 
regarded practical? 

Because the various nations of Europe car- 
ried on an extensive trade with the East Indies. 

19. Describe the route then used. 

The route was over the stormy Indian 
Ocean, and up the Red Sea to the Isthmus of 
Suez. Here the merchandise was transport- 
ed by land to the Mediterranean Sea. The 
route was long, expensive, and perilous. 

20. What views did Columbus hold respecting 
the desired path ? 

Columbus believed the earth to be round, 

and that the East Indies could be found by 

sailing westward. 

21. By whom was Columbus furnished with 
ships and other means for his voyage ? 

By Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen 
of Spain. 



10 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

22. Give the names of Columbus's vessels. 
The Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Nina. 

23. From, what port did Columbus sail ? When? 
Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, Au- 
gust 3, 1492. 

24. What discovery was made October 12, 1492? 
Columbus discovered the island of Guan- 

ahani, one of the Bahamas. 

25. When did Columbus make his second voy- 
age, and what did he discover ? 

Columbus made his second voyage in 1493, 

and discovered Jamaica, Porto Eico, and 

other islands. 

26. When and by whom was the main-land of 
South America discovered? 

In 1498, by Christopher Columbus. 

27. What was the object of Columbus's fourth 
voyage, and what part of America did he explore? 

To find a near water route to India. He 
coasted along the shores of the Gulf of Mex- 
ico. 

28. When and where did Columbus die? 
In 1506, at Valladolid, Spain. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 11 

29. What four nations took an active part in 
exploring North America? 

Spain, En -2:1 and, France, and Holland. 

30. Into vv^hat periody may U. S. History be 
divided ? 

Discovery, Colonization, Revolutionary, 

and Constitutional periods. Some authors 

give a less number, others a greater. 

31. Name ten Spanish discoverers and explor- 
ers. 

Columbus, Vespucci, De Leon, Balboa, 

De Soto, Grijalva, De Ayllon, Magellan, 

Melendez, and Coronado. 

32. Name four French discoverers and explor- 
ers. 

Verazzani, Cartier, Charaplain, and De 
Monts. 

33. Name the most noted five English discov- 
erers and explorers. 

John Cabot, Sebastian Cabot, Humphrey 

Gilbert, Francis Drake, and Bartholomew 

Gosnold. 

S4. Wby was America so named? 
America was named for Amerigo Ves- 
pucci, who visited the country in 1499. 



12 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

35. When and by whom was the continent of 
North America discovered? 

In the year 1497, by John Cabot, a Vene- 
tian merchant, and his son, Sebastian. 

36. When and by whom was Florida discov- 
ered ? 

In the year 1512, by Ponce cle Leon, a 

Spaniard. 

37. Wlien and by whom was the Pacific Ocean 
discovered ? 

The Pacific Ocean was discovered in 1513, 

by Balboa, a Spaniard. 

38. Wlio discovered Mexico? When? 
Grijalva discovered Mexico in 1518. 

39. For what is Magellan noted ? 
Magellan was the first European to sail 

upon the Pacific Ocean. He named it Pa- 
cific, because its waters appeared calm and 
peaceful. Magellan discovered the strait 
which bears his name (1520), and was also 
the first that sailed around the world. 

40. Who was Fernando Cortez ? 
Fernando Cortez was a Spaniard. In three 

campaigns he completed the conquest of Mex- 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 13 

ico, entered the city, and seized Montezuma, 
the ruler. 

41. What Spaniard overthrew the Empire of 
Peru? 

Francisco Pizarro. 

42. Who was Gasper Cortereal? 

Gasper Cortereal was a Portuguese. He 
sailed for America in the year 1500, and land- 
ed in the neighborhood of Maine. He sail- 
ed alono: the coast 600 miles. 

43. Give a brief account of the explorations of 
John Verazzani. 

John Yerazzani was sent out (1524) by 
Francis I. of France to conduct an expedi- 
tion for the discovery of a north-west passage 
to India. He reached the American shore, 
near Cape Fear, and coasted as far as New- 
foundland. 

44. When and by whom was the St. Lawrence 
River discovered ? 

The St. Lawrence Eiver was discovered in 

1534, by Jacques Cartier, who sailed under 

a commission from the king of France. 

45. When and by whom was California dis- 
covered ? 



14 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

In 1532, by Grijalva, who also discovered 
Mexico, 1518. 

46. By whom and when was Quebec founded ? 
Quebec was founded by Samuel Chaniplain, 

in 1608. 

47. What discovery was made by De Soto? 
The Mississippi, in 1541. 

48. What was the object of De Soto's expedi- 
tion ? 

Gold. 

49. When and where did De Soto die, and how 
was he buried? 

In the year 1542, De Soto died of fever on 

the Mississippi, near the site of IN'atchez. His 

body was wrapped in his mantle, and sunk 

in the mighty river he had discovered. 

50. Who were the Huguenots? 

Luther and Calvin had inaugurated the 
Reformation, by their preaching, and the 
Protestants were numerous in several of the 
European countries. In France they were 
followers of Calvin, and were called Hua^ue- 
nots. They were persecuted by the Catholics. 

51. Why did the Huguenots come to America? 



'^IH' 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 15 

To escape the persecutions which harassed 
thera in France. 

52. Who was the leader of the Huguenots, and 
whom did he put in command of the emigrants? 

Admiral Coligny was the leader of the 

Huguenot party in France. He put John 

Ribault in command ot the emigrants. 

53. Vv'here did the Huguenots make their final 
settlement? 

At the mouth of St. John's River, in Flor- 
ida. 

54. What was their fate ? 

They were massacred by the Spaniards, led 
by Pedro Melendez. 

55. When, where, and by whom was the first 
permanent settlement made in the United States ? 

The first permanent settlement in the 
United States was made in 1565, at St. Au- 
gustine, Florida, by Melendez. 

56. When and where was the first permanent 
French colony established in America? 



In 1605, at Port Royal, N. S. 

57. Who was the fatlK 
America ? 

Samuel Champlain. 



57. Who was the father of French settlements 
in America? 



16 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

58. When and where was New Sweden settled? 
In 1638, ou the Delaware Bay, at Wil- 
mington. 

59. What is the second oldest town in the 
United States ? 

Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

60. By whom and when was Santa Fe founded? 
By Espejo, in 1582. 

61. What was the fate of Sir Humphrey Gil- 
bert? 

His ship foundered in a storm, and Gilbert, 
with all his crew, perished. 

62. Who was the father of English colonies in 
America? 

Sir Walter Ealeigh. 

63. Give the name of the first child born of 
English parents in America. 

Virginia Dare. 

64. What did Gosnold explore, and what dis- 
covery did he make ? 

Gosnold explored the coast of Massachu- 
setts, and discovered Cape Cod in 1602. 

65. Who was Henry Hudson? 

Henrj Hudson was an English navigator. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 17 

and made his first two voyages in the service 
of a company of London merchants. 

66. For what purpose was Hudson employed by 
the Dutch East India Company? 

To search for a north-west passage to the 

Indies. 

67. What river did Henry Hudson discover? 

Give date. 

The Hudson River, in 1609. 

68. What was Hudson's fate? 

His crew mutinied because of danger, and 
placed Hudson, v^ith his son and four loyal 
sailors, in an open boat, and abandoned them 
to their fate. It is supposed they perished 
in the Hudson Bay. 

69. Locate the Spanish claims in America. 

Florida, which included all the south-east- 
ern part of the United States, and Nev>^ Mex- 
ico, which included the south-western part of 
t>ie United States. 

70. What was the English claim ? 
Virginia, which extended from Florida to 

Labrador. England also claimed New Al- 
bion. 



18 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

71. WhcU was the Dutch claim ? 

New ^Netherlands, which extended from 
the Delaware River to the Connecticut. 

72. Upon whose expedition did the Dutch base 
their claim? 

Henry Hudson's. 

73. Upon whose expedition did Spain base its 
claim ? 

Spain based its claim chieflj upon the ex- 
pedition of De Leon. 

74. By what right did the English claim Vir- 
ginia? 

The Cabots explored the Atlantic coast un- 
der the patronage of England. 

75. Locate the French claims. 

New France, extending from New York to 
Labrador. The French also claimed the re- 
gion of the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi 
Valley. 

76. When and by whom was the Ohio River 
discovered? 

In 1669, by La Salle. 

77. Name four J.esuit missionaries. 
Marquette, Father Hennepin, Joliet, and 

La Salle. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 19 

78. By what means was the territory of the 
United States acquired ? 

By discovery, conquest, aud purchase. 

79. What two companies of England were 
granted patents, in 1606, to own and colonize most 
of the English claim in North America ? 

The Lotidou Company and the Plymouth 

Company. 

80. What was the London Company? 

An association of noblemen, gentlemen, 
and merchants, residing in and about Lon- 
don. 

81. What was the Plymouth Company? 

The Plymouth Company was an associa- 
tion of knights and gentlemen from Ply- 
mouth, in the western part of England. 

82. Where Pvnd when was the first permanent 
English settlement made in America? 

At Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. 

83. Who vras the most noted man of the James- 
town colony ? 

Capt. John Smith. 

84. Why v/as Capt. John Smith arrested on the 
outward passage to America? " 

He was accused of planning to murder the 



20 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

council and proclaim himself king of Vir- 
ginia. 

85. Who was Pocahontas ? 
Pocahontas was the young daug-hter of 
Powhatan, chief of the Powhatan Indians. 

83. Tell the story of Capt. Smith and Pocahon- 
tas. 

Capt. Smith was captured by an Indian 
party, and, carried to Opechancanough. He 
was taken before Powhatan the great chief. 
Smith was led to execution, but just as the 
warrior raised his club, Pocahontas, the 
young daughter of Powhatan, threw herself 
upon the prostrate body of Smith, and im- 
plored her father to release him. The heart 
of the savage king was touched with pity, 
and Smith was restored to his friends. 

87. Who was John Rolfe ? 

John Rolfe was one of the Jamestown col- 
onists. He married Pocahontas, in 1613. 

88. When and where was the first legislative 
assembly ever held in America? 

In the year 1619, at Jamestown. 

89. W^hen and where was African slavery first 
introduced into the English colonies? 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 21 

In 1620, a Datch trading vessel brought 
twenty Africans into James river. They 
were sold to the Georgetown planters as 
slaves. 

90. What were the Navigation Acts? 

In 1660 the English Parliament passed laws 
giving England entire control of all the trade 
of the colonies. These laws were called l!^av- 
igation Acts. 

91. For what are the years 1622 and 1644 noted 
in Virginia history ? 

For the two Great Indian Massacres. 

92. Wiio was Opechancanoiigh, and what was 
his fate? 

Opecha:icanoiigh was a brother of Pow- 
hatan, a great Indian chief. He was taken 
prisoner, and died of a wound inflicted by 
one of his guards. 

93. When was the "Starving Time" in Vir- 
ginia ? 

The winter of 1609-1610. 

94. Name ten early governors of Virginia. 
Wingfield, Smith, Gates, Percy, Somers, 

Dale, Delaware, Argall, Yeardley, and Har- 
vey. 



22 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

95. When did Virginia become a royal prov- 
ince? 

In 1624. 

96. Who was governor^of Virginia during Ba- 
con's Rebellion? 

Sir William Berkeley. 

97. Who was Nathaniel Baconj? 
Nathaniel Bacon was a bold, popular, and 

eloquent member of Governor Berkeley's 
council at Jamestown. 

98. What was the cause of Bacon' s Rebellion ? 
Governor Berkeley refused to give Bacon 

a commission for war against hostile Indians, 
and Bacon went against them without any 
commission. Berkeley proclaimed him a 
rebel, and a civil war ensued. 

99. What town was burned in Bacon's Rebell- 
ion? 

Jamestown. It was never rebuilt. Wil- 
liamsburg became the capital of the colony. 

1 00. What was Bacon's fate? 

He died of a fever contracted by exposure 
in the swamps of Virginia. His death end- 
ed the rebellion. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 23 

101. When and by whom was Harvard College 
founded ? 

In 1638, by Rev. John Harvard. 

102. By whom was New England so named? 
By Capt. John Smith, who explored the 

coast in 1614. 

103. When, where, and by what people was 
Massachusetts settled ? 

In 1620, at ISTew Plymouth, by the Pu- 
ritans. 

104. Who were the Puritans? 

The Puritans were dissenters from the 
Church of England. 

105. Who was the first governor of the Ply- 
mouth Colony? 

John Carver. 

106. Mention the name of the vessel in which 
the Puritans came to America. 

The Mayflower. 

107. Who was the "Indian Apostle" ? 

John Eliot, a young minister, who came 
from England to the Massachusetts Bay Col- 
ony in 1631. 

108. Who was John Winthrop? 



24 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, 
and founder of Boston. 

109. What colonies formed a confederation 
called the "United Colonies of New England" ? 

Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, 

and ]N^ew Haven. 

110. What was the object of the union of the 
New England colonies? 

Mutual defense against the Indians, French, 

and Dutch. 

111. When and by whom was Connecticut set- 
tled? 

In 1636, by Rev. Thomas Hooker and his 
congregation. 

112. When and by what nation was New 
York first settled ? 

In 1614, by the Dutch. 

113. Mention the names of the four Dutch gov- 
ernors of New York. 

Peter Minuit, Wouter Van Twiller, Sir 

William Kieft, and Peter Stuyvesant. 

114. Who was Massasoit? 

Chief of the Wampanoags, a tribe of In- 
dians. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 25 

115. What may be said of Massasoit's treaty 
with the Plymouth Colony? 

The terras of the treaty were few and 

simple, and remained inviolate for more than 

fifty years. Massasoit died in 1662. 

116. Who was Canonicus? 

Chief of the ISTarragansetts. 

IIT. When and by whom was Rhode Island 
settled ? 

In 1636, by Eoger Williams. 

118. Who led the colonial army against the 
Pequodsin 1637? 

Capt. John Mason. 

119. W^ho was Miantonomoh, and what was 
his fate? 

He was a l^arragansett chief. He attacked 
the Mohicans, and was taken prisoner. Tin- 
eas, the Mohican chief, carved the living 
flesh from his bones. 

120. Mention the name of a famous tree in 
Connecticut history. 

The '^Charter Oak." 

121. When and by whom was Maryland set- 
tled? 

In 1634, by the second Lord Baltimore. 



26 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

122. What was the object of the Maryland Col- 
ony ? 

To furnish an asylum for the persecuted 

English Catholics. 

123. lu whose honor was Maryland named? 
In honor of Henrietta Maria, queen of 

England. 

124. Who was William Clay borne? 

He was a surveyor of Virginia, who had 
obtained, prior to the grant of Maryland to 
Lord Baltimore, license to trade within the 
territory cut off for Maryland. He refused 
to submit to Lord Baltimore's rule. He 
raised a rebellion but was defeated, and his 
property was confiscated. 

125. What was the "Toleration Act" ? 

A law passed by the assembly of Maryland, 
which provided that all Christian denomina- 
tions should be tolerated in Maryland. 

126. Who was King Philip? 

The younger son, and the successor of 
Massasoit. He was chief of seven hundred 
Warapanoags. 

127. When was King Philip's War? 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 27 

The war commenced in 1675, and lasted 
one year. 

128. What was thecause of King Philip's War? 
The execution of three Indians, of King 

Philip's trihe, bj the Plymouth people. 

129. What was the result of t he War ? 
King Philip was killed, and his tribe was 

exterminated. 

1 30. What college was founded in 1693 ? 
William and Mary, 

131. When and where was Yale College found- 
ed ? 

In the year 1700, at Saybrook, in Con- 
necticut. 

132. By whom was Pennsylvania settled ? 
By the Quakers, under the auspices of 

William Penn (1682.) 

133. Who was George Fox ? 

Founder ot the Friends, or Quakers, a re- 
ligious society which arose in England about 
1650. 

134. What was the "Grand Model" ? 



28 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

The "Grand Model" was a plan of govern- 
ment for Carolina. 

135. Who framed the "Grand Model"? 

The Earl of Shaftesbury and John Locke. 

136. When and by whom was Georgia settled? 
In 1733, by James Oglethorpe. 

137. In whose honor was Georgia named ? 

In honor of George the Second, who was 
at that time the reigning king of England. 

138. Yv^hat was the object of the Georgia set- 
tlement? 

To found an asylum for the poor who 
were imprisoned for debt, and for the perse- 
cuted Protestants. 

139. What noted ministers came over about 
1736? 

John Wesley, Charles Wesley, and George 

Whitfield. 

140. Which was the j'^oungest of the Thirteen 
Colonies? 



Georgia. 

141. Me 

iction of p: 

In 1639, Stephen Day, an English printer, 



141. Mention the time and place of the intro- 
duction of printing in America. 



ON UNITED STA.TES HISTORY. 29 

set up the first printing press, at Cambridge, 

Massachusetts. 

142. What was the first newspaper published 
in the United States? 

The "Boston News-Letter." 

143. By what name is the boundary between 
Pennsylvania and Maryland known ? 

Mason and Dixon's Line. 

144. Why was this line so named ? 

In honor of Mason and Dixon, two survey- 
ors, who ran the line. 

145. Who was Capt. William Kidd ? 

Capt. "William Kidd was commissioned to 
help free the high seas from pirates. He 
proved faithless to his trust, and became a 
famous pirate. 

146. What was Capt. Kidd's fate ? 

He was captured in Boston, and was hang- 
ed in London, 1701. 

147. What delusion prevailed at Salem, Mass., 
in 1692? 

The Salem Witchcraft. 

148. Name the inter-colonial wars ? 



30 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

King William's, Queen Anne's, King 
George's, and the French and Indian. 

149. Which of these wars was most important? 
The French and Indian War. 

150. What was the cause of King William's 
War? 

In 1689, a war broke out in Europe, be- 
tween England and France. James II. was 
forced to leave the throne of England. He 
went to France, and the king of that country 
lent him an array ; this led to a contest 
which extended to their colonies in Amei-ica. 

151. What treaty closed King William's War? 
The treaty of llyswick. 

152. What was the cause of Queen Anne's 
War? 

Queen Anne's War was caused by an at- 
tempt made by England to prevent the union 
of France and Spain. In Europe it vvas call- 
ed the War of the Spanish Succession. 

153. What treaty ended Queen Anne's War? 
The Treaty of Utrecht. 

154. What was the cause of King George's 
War? 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 31 

Disputes over the succession to the Aus- 
trian throne arose in Europe, and France 
and Ens^land espoused opposite causes. The 
War of the Austrian Succession, as it was 
known in Europe, extended to the French 
and English colonies in America. 

155. How long did King George's War last, 
and by what treaty was it ended? 

It hegan in 1744, and lasted four years. It 

was ended by the Treaty of Aix-ia-Chapelle, 

in Prussia. 

156. What were the chief causes of the French 
and Indian War? 

The alleged encroachments of the French 

on British possessions in America, or the 

conflicting claims of England and France. 

157. What was the Ohio Companj^ ? 

The Ohio Company was composed of Eng- 
lish merchants and Virginia land speculators, 
among whom was Dinwiddie, governor of 
Virginia. 

158. What grant was made to the Ohio Com- 
pany ? 

King George granted the company a large 



82 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

tract of land between the Monongahela and 
the Kanawha rivers. 

159. What was the immediate cause of the 
French and Indian War? 

The immediate cause was the attempt 

made by both England and France to secure 

possession of the Ohio valley. 

160. When and where did the Ohio Company- 
establish their first trading post? 

In the 3'ear 1752, where Brownsville now 

stands, on the Monongahela. 

161. How did the Frencli treat the traders? 
They made prisoners of the traders, and 

carried them to Canada. 

16 To whom did Governor Dinwiddie send 
a letter explaining the English claims? 

To General St. Pierre. 

163. By whom was this letter sent ? 
George Washington, a young Virginian. 

164. What was General St. Pierre's reply ? 
He replied that he had taken possession of 

the country under the direction of the gov- 
ernor-general of Canada, and that he would 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 33 

obey his instructions to expel every Engiish- 
mau from the Ohio valley. 

165. Give a brief sketch of Fort Du Quesne. 
Governor Dinwiddle sent a party to build 

a fort at the junction of the Alleghany and 
Monongahela rivers, v^diere Pittsburg now 
stands. The French had been making prep- 
arations to occupy the same spot. The 
French compelled the commander to surren- 
der and withdraw from the country. The 
French then completed the fort, and named 
it Fort Du Quesne. 

166. Mention the principal events of the 
French and Indian Wav. 

1. Washington's Journey (1753) ; 2. Battle 

of Great Meadows (1754); 3. Braddock's 

Defeat (1755; ; 4. Declaration of War (1756); 

5. Attack on Louisburg (1758) ; 6. Capture 

of Crown Point and Ticonderoga (1759); 7. 

Capture of Quebec (1759). 

167. What was the decisive battle of the 
French and Indian War? 

The battle of Quebec. 

1 68. Who were the commanders, and what was 
their fate ? 



34 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

The English commander was General 
Wolfe, and the French was Montcalm. They 
were both killed. 

169. Mention the names of five English com- 
manders in the French and Indian War. 

Braddock, Amherst, Wolfe, Washington, 
and Abercrombie. 

ITO. Name two French (Jommanders. 
Montcalm and Dieskau. 

171. When did the French and Indian War be- 
gin, and when did it close? 

The principal actions began in 1754, but 

war was not formally declared until 1756. It 

was closed in 1763, by the Treaty of Paris. 

172. What question was decided by the French 
and Indian War ? 

Whether France or England should achieve 

supremacy in ITorth America. 

173. What were the terms of the Treaty of 
Paris ? 

1. France ceded to England all her Amer- 
ican possessions east of the Mississippi, ex- 
cept the island and city of New Orleans. 2. 
France ceded to Spain all of Louisiana west 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 35 

of the Mississippi. 3. Spain ceded Florida 
to England, in exchange for Havana, 

174. Who was Pontiac? 

Pontiac was chief of the Ottawas, a tribe 
of Indians living in the region of present 
Michigan and Wisconsin. 

175. Give a brief account of Pontiac's war. 

In 1763 the Indians, under Pontiac, fell 
upon all the English ports in the Northwest, 
and captured all w^est of Oswego, except Fort 
Pitt (Pittsburg), Fort Niagara, and Detroit. 
Hundreds of persons were murdered, and 
many were driven from their homes. Pon- 
tiac went to Illinois. "The manner of his 
death is not certainly known." 

176. Mention the three forms of colonial gov- 
ernment. 

Provincial or Koyal, Proprietary, and 

Charter. 

177. Mention four remote causes of the Revo- 
lutionary War. 

The remote causes were (1) the influence 
of France ; (2) the character of the colonists ; 
(3) the growth of public opinion tending to 



36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

independence; and (4) the character of 
George III. 



4 



78. Mention five immediate causes. 

The principal immediate causes were (1) 
Navigation Acts ; (2) Importation Act ; (3) 
Writs of Assistance ; (4) Stamp Act ; and (5) 
Mutiny Act. 

179. Briefly stated, what was the cause of the 
Revolutionary War ? 

"Taxation without representation." 

180. What was the Importation Act? 

An act imposing heavy duties upon all rum, 
sugar, and molasses imported into the col- 
onies from foreign ports. 

181. When was this act passed ? 

In 1733. The merchants evaded the pay- 
ment of the duties, and the colonial courts 
were authorized to issue Writs of Assistance. 

182. What power was given by Writs of As- 
sistance? 

These search-warrants empowered the of- 
ficers of the crown to search anywhere and 
at any time for smuggled goods. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 37 

163. What was the Stamp Act? 

It provided timt no legal document should 
be \aiid, unless; executed on stamped paper; 
and that all publications should be printed 
on stain])e(l paper, and every advertisement 
taxed. 

184. Wlieii was the Stamp Act pafesed, and 
when was it repealed? 

It waB passed by Parliament in 1765, and 

re[>ealed in 17(36. 

1S5. Wliat was the Mutiny Act? 

It was an act providing for the punishment 
of mutiny and desertion, and for the quarter- 
ing of British troops. In 1769 a clause was 
addud making it the duty of the colonies to 
furnish quarters and supplies to British troops 
sent among them. 

186. Wlien and where did the first colonial 
congress meet? 

In 1765, in New York. 

187. What was the Boston Massacre? 

In 1770 the British troops, stationed at 
Boston, fired into a crowd of men and boys, 
whose taunts and jeers had enraged them, 



38 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

killing three persons unci wouiuling several 
others. This rir)t is called the "Boston Mas- 



188. What v/as the work of the Boston Tea 
Party? 

Fifty persons, disguised as Moliawk In- 
dians, threw three hundred and lifty ehests 
of tea overboard, at Boston (1773). 

189. How were the Bostoiiians punished for 
this act? 

By the Boston Port Bill. This act closed 
the port of Boston, and removed the custom- 
house to Salem. 

190. Wljei") and v/here did the first Continental 
Congress meet? 

In 1774, at Philadelphia. 

191. What colony was not repre^jenled ? 

Georgia. 

192. Who was General Gage ? 

General Gage was the royal governor of 
Massachusetts, and commander-in-chief of 
the British troops, at the heginn^ig of the 
Kevolation. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 39 

193. What was done by the second Continent- 
al Congress ? 

It voted to raise an army, and chose George 

Washington commander-in-chief. 

194. Why did General Gage send a detach- 
ment to Concord ? 

To obtain possession of military supplies 

collected by the patriots. 

195. Who commanded the detachment? 
Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn. 

196. Give a brief sketch of the first battle of 
the Revolution. 

When the British troops, sent to Concord, 
arrived at Lexington, they saw the "minute- 
men" assembled for battle. As the British 
drew near Major Pitcairn exclaimed, *'Dis- 
perse, you rebels!" As the patriots did not 
obey, Pitcairn ordered his soldiers to fire. 
A murderous volley, the first of the Revolu- 
tion, killed eight of the Americans, and 
wounded nine. After firing a few shots, the 
Americans were forced to disperse. 

197. Who were the commanders in the battle 
of Bunker Hill? 



40 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

General Howe commanded the British, 
and General Prescott, the Americans. 

198. What American general was killed in the 
battle of Bunker Hill ? 

General Warren. 

199. In what battle was General Montgomery 
killed ? 

Quebec (1775). 

200. By what means did Washington compel 
the British to evacuate Boston? 

By erecting batteries on Dorcliester 

Heights. 

201. What gallant act was performed by Ser- 
geant Jasper, at Fort Moultrie? 

During the heat of the battle, the flag- 
staff was broken b}' a ball, and the flag drop- 
ped over the parapet. Sergeant Jasper leaped 
to the beach, snatched the flag, and in the 
midst of a heavy fire, supported it upon the 
parapet, until another staff was procured. 

202. What motion was made in Congress by 
Richard Henry Lee, in 1776? 

That the "United Colonies are free, inde- 
pendent, and sovereign States." 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 41 

203. Who were appointed by Congress to pre- 
pare a Declaration of Independence? 

Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin 

Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. 

Livingston. 

204. Who wrote the document? 
Thomas Jefferson. 

205. By what act of the Continental Congress 
did the Thirteen Colonies become the Thirteen 
United States of America? 

By the adoption of the Declaration of In- 
dependence. 

208. When was the Declaration of Independ- 
ence adopted by Congress? 

On the 4th of July, 1776. 

207. What battle was fought first after inde- 
pendence was declared ? 

The battle of Long Island. 
f 

208. What commissioners of Great Britain 
bore a proposal of peace, in 1776? 

Lord Howe and General Howe. 



209. What foreigners were hired by George III. 
to aid the British army ? 

George III. entered into a treaty with sev- 



42 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

eral German princes to furnish 17,000 sol- 
diers (Hessians) to assist in the war. 

210. Sketch briefly the battle of Trenton. 
On Christmas night (1776), Washington 
crossed the Delaware River, which was then 
full of floating ice. The next morning he 
surprised and captured nearly one thousand 
Hessians, without the loss of a single man. 
Colonel Rahl, the Hessian commander, was 
killed. 

811. Mention the principal battles of 1777. 
Princeton, Bennington, Brandjwine, Ger- 
mantown, and Saratoga. 

212. What was the decisive battle of the Rev- 
olutionary War ? 

Saratoga, which resulted in the surrender 

of Burgoyne. This battle is ranked as one 

of the fifteen decisive battles of the world. 

21S. When, where, and to whom did Burgoyne 
surrender ? 

On the 17th of October, 1777, Burgoyne 

surrendered his whole army of nearly six 

thousand men. The army was surrendered 

to General Gates, at Saratoga. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTOBY. 43 

214. Give tbrpf reasons for regarding' the bottle 
of Bariitogu, nn<i llie subsequent surrender of Bur- 
goyne, Ihe turning point of the Kevolution. 

(I) It weakened and discouraged the Brit- 
ish array ; (2) it encouraged the Americans; 
and (3) it enabled the Americans to obtain 
help from France. 

215. What European nation first recognized 
the independence of the United iStates? 

France. 

216. What aid was obtained from France ? 
On the 6th of February, 1778, the French 

king acknowledged the independence of the 
United States, and agreed to send a fleet of 
sixteen vessels and an army of 4,000 men to 
assist in the war. 

217. Wluit noted foreigners »ided the Amer- 
ican cause during the Revolution ? 

Marquis i)e Lafayette, Thaddeus Kosci- 
usko, Count Pulaski, Baron DeKalb, Count 
Be Grasse, Baron Steuben, and Count D'Es- 
taing. 

218. Tell the story of Valley Forge. 

In the fall of 1777, Washington took up 
his winter quarters at Valley Forge. The 



44 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

winter was an unusually cold one, and night 
after nioht, the soldiers sat shivering, nearly 
naked and starving, around their fires. Dur- 
ing the day, they carried heavy loads of fuel 
on their naked shoulders, or yoked them- 
selves together like oxen, and drew logs over 
the snow, leaving behind them the bloody 
tracks of their bare feet. Famine stared 
them in the face, and disease disabled hun- 
dreds of their number. Washington de- 
vised every means in his power to alleviate 
their sufferings. His officers deserted him, 
{5nd his soldiers were dispirited. This was 
the darkest period of the war. 

219, When was the United States Flag adopted 
by Congress ? 

June 14, 1777. 

220, What was the "(.:!ouway ( Voal" ? 

A numi)er of officers consj-.ired to remove 
the chief command from General Washing- 
ton (1777). The chief of these conspirators 
was General Conway, who was named in 
Congress as a candidate for the command. 

221, Where were Pulaski and Sergeant Jasoer 
killed ? 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 45 

At Savannah, 1779. 

222. What were the Anioles of Confederation ? 
The constitution or body of laws by which 

the United States were governed from 1781 
to 1789. 

223. When did Congress adopt the Articles of 
Confederation? . 

jS^ovciTiber, 1777. The Articles of Con- 
federation did not go into effect until ratified 
by all the thirteen States. Maryland was the 
last of the States to approve them. They 
went into effect in 1781. 

224. Who was John Paul Jones? 

John Paul Jones was a Scotch- American. 
He was noted for his wonderiul pluck and 
skill in war. He was placed in command of 
a naval expedition fitted out by the Ameri- 
can commissioners at Paris. He captured the 
Serapis, a merchant vessel, in 1779. 

225. Give a brief account of Arnold's treason. 
Benedict Arnold, a major-general in the 

American service, sought and obtained com- 
mand of West Point, a very important for- 
tress. He bargained with the British Gener- 



46 QUESTIONS AND ANSWETIS 

al Clinton to deliver up the ibrtress, for whicli 
Arnold was to receive a general's eoniniission 
in the British arruy and ten thousand pounds 
sterling. Major Andre, Clinton's messenger, 
was captured, and Arnold Hed to a British 
vessel. 

226. Mention the names of Major Andre'is cap- 
tors. 

John Paulding, Isaac Van Wert, and Da- 
vid Williams. 

227. What was the fate of Major Andre? 
He was hanged as a spy in 1780. 

238. What was the oldest moneyed iDstitutiou 
in the United States? 

The Bank of [N'orth America, established 

by a charter from Congress (1781), under the 

supervision of Robert Morris. 

229. Who succeeded Gatefs in command at the 
South? 

General J^athaniel Greene. 

2S0. What was the last battle of the Revolu- 
tionary War? 

Yorktowu. 

231. Describe the siege of Yorktowu . 



1 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 47 

Cornwallis took up his position at York- 
town, on the York River. Washington 
moved against him, September 28, 1781. De 
Grasse closed the outlet by sea, and Wash- 
ington prevented escape by land. A siege 
of nearly three weeks was begun, and Corn- 
wallis, after losing nearly six hundred of his 
men, decided to surrender. 

232. What surrender closed the Revolutionary 
War? 

The surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, 

October 19, 1781. 

233. When and where was the final treaty of 
peace signed ? 

September 3, 1783, at Paris. 

234. What did Great Britain acknowledge by 
the Treaty of Paris? 

By the Treaty of Paris, Great Britain ac- 
knowledged the independence and sover- 
eignty of the United States. 

235. Name ten American commanders in the 
Revolutionary War. 

Washington, Gates, Greene, Putnam, Lin- 
coln, Marion, Wayne, Stark, St. Clair, and 
Morgan. 



48 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

236. Mention the names of ten British com- 
manders. 

Howe, Cornwallis, Burgoyne, Clinton, Pit- 
cairn, Baum, Tarleton, Prevost, Stewart, and 
Raw don. 

237. For what purpose did the Constitutional 
Convention meet in 1787? 

To revise the Articles of Confederation. 

238. Why was the original purpose aban- 
doned? 

The Articles of Confederation were too 

w^eak and defective to admit of revision. 

239. What did the convention resolve to do? 
To form an entirely new constitution. 

240. What document was the result? 
The Federal Constitution. 

241. Mention some of the defects in the Ar- 
ticles of Confederation. 

The Articles of Confederation did not vest 
enough power in Congress to make it a 
strong central government. The states were 
left almost sovereign and independent. Con- 
gress could not collect a dollar, enlist a sin- 
gle soldier, nor regulate commerce. Con- 
gress could suggest, but it could not compel. 



ON UNITED STATE HISTORY. 49 

242. When and where did the first Congress 
convene under the new Constitution ? 

On the 4th of March, 1789, at New York. 

243. What two political parties arose on the 
formation of the Constitution ? 

In franciing the Constitution, great ditier- 

ences of opinion existed. One party, called 

the Federalists, favored the formation of a 

strong central government; another party, 

called the Anti-Federalists, advocated the 

doctrine of state sovereignty, and opposed a 

strong central government. 



^244. Whom did President Washington ap- 
point as his Cabinet oflficers? 

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State ; Al- 
exander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treas- 
ury; Henry Knox, Secretary of War; Ed- 
mund Randolph, Attorney-General; and 
John Jay, Chief-Justice. 

245. What business first claimed the attention 
of Congress? 

The creation of revenue for the support of 

the government, and for the payment of all 

debts. 

246. What did Hamilton propose to Congress, 
respecting the debts of the several states ? 



50 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

That the general government assume the 
debts. His views were adopted. 

247. What party favored the adoption of Ham- 
ilton's plan ? 

The Federalist party. 

248. Name the party leaders. 

Hamilton (Federalist) and Jefferson (Anti- 
Federalist). 

249. How long did these parties oppose each 
other? 

About thirty years. 

250. How long was Washington President? 
Eight years; from 1789 to 1797. 

251. Mention the chief events of Washington's 
administration. 

]. The admission of Vermont (1791), Ken- 
tucky (1792), and Tennessee (1796); 2. In- 
dian war ; 3. United States Bank chartered ; 
4. Seat of Government changed ; .6. The 
Whiskey Insurrection ; 6. Troubles with 
foreign Rations; 7. The invention of the 
Cotton Gin. 

252. When and by whom was the Cotton Gin 
invented ? 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 51 

Id 1793, l>yEli Whitney. 

253. Whitt was the Cotton Gin, and what 
effect iiad its invention on the cultivation of cot- 
ton ? 

It was a machine resembling a series of 
circular saws, used to separate the cotton 
liber from the seed. It added 200 per cent, 
to llie efficiency of labor in cleaning cotton, 
and the cultivation of cotton increased rap- 
idly in the South. 

254= Vv'Ii=> was i he second President ? 

John Adams, of Massachusetts. 

2 55o Wbiit w^ere the chief events of John 
A(iams's adniinistnition ? 

1. Alien and Sedition Laws; 2. Trouble 

with France ; 3. Death of Washington (1799), 

4. Cai)ital removed to Washington (1800). 

256. Y/h.'it was tlie Alien law ? 

It provide 1 that for two years the president 
should have powder to expel from the country 
any liiien whose influence he might deem 
dauirerous to the government. 

257. What was the Sedition law? 

An act passed in 1798, which provided for 



52 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

the punishment of any person or persons 
who might combine or conspire to oi)pose 
any interest of the government, or publish 
any circular or article against the govern- 
ment or its members. 

258. Who was the third President? 
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia. 

259. By what body was JefFersou elected ? 
The House of Representatives. 

260. Mention the chief events of Jefferson's 
administration. 

1. Purchase of Louisiana; 2. War with Trip- 
oli ; 3. Steamboat invented; 4. Troubles 
with England; 5. Hamilton and Burr; 6. 
Embargo Act; 7. Ohio admitted (1802). 

261. How was the territory of Louisiana ac- 
quired ? 

By purchase (1803) from France, Spain 

having ceded it to Napoleon in 1800. The 

United States paid fifteen million dollars for 

the territory. 

262. What duel was fought in 1804? 

In 1804 a duel was fought between Aaron 
Burr, Vice-President, and Alexander Ham- 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 53 

iltou, Ex-Secretary of the Treasury. Ham- 
ilton was killed. 

263. What caused the War of 1812? 

The violation of American commercial 
rights was the main cause. England also 
demanded and exercised the right to search 
American vessels for deserters from her flag. 

264 

1812? 

James Madison. 

265. When and where was peace made? 
December 24, 1814, at Ghent. 

266. What important battle was fought after 
peace was made ? 

The battle of ]N"ew Orleans, the most severe 

of the war. 

267. What two states were admitted in Madi- 
son's administration? 

Louisiana, in 1812; and Indiana, in 1816. 

268. What was the condition of the manufac- 
turing interest during the War of 1812 ? 

During the war the Americans, having 

been cut oif from British manufactures, 

were compelled to manufacture their ow^n 



54 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

articles. Much capital was invested in man- 
ufacturing establishments, and large profits 
were realized. When peace was made these 
establishments were brought into competi- 
tion with those of England. 

269. What petition did the manufacturers pre- 
sent to Congress? 

They petitioned Congress to grant them 

protection, by imposing duties on English 

manufactures, shipped to the United States. 

2 70. What was the result ? 
The first protective tariff law was passed 
by Congress (1816). 

271. Who was President frona 1817 to 1825 ? 
James Monroe, of Virginia. 

272. How was the territory of Florida ac- 
quired? 

Florida was purchased from Spain (1819) 

for $5,000,000. 

273. What was the ''Missouri Compromise" ? 
After about two years of violent discussion 

in Congress regarding the admission of Mis- 
souri into the Union, Mr. Thomas, of Illi- 
nois, offered a Compromise Bill, which pro- 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 55 

vifled tluit Missouri should be admitted as a 
slave state, aiid thiit thereafter slavery should 
be prohibited north of 86 degrees and 30 
minutes north latitude. This Compromise 
Bill is kno\Yn as the ''Missouri Compro- 
mise," and was adopted by Congress in 1820, 
and Missouri became a state in 1821. 

274. When did the first steam-boat cross the 
Atlantic? 

In 1819, the "Savannah" passed from Sa- 
vannah, Georgia, to Liverpool, England. 

275. Wlint noted foreigner visited the United 
States in j824? 

General Lafayette. 

276. What was the "Monroe Doctrine" ? 

Li his annual message. President Monroe 
declared that "the American continents are 
henceforth not to be considered subjects for 
future colonization by any European power." 
This is called the "Monroe Doctrine." 

277. Who was the sixth President, and how 
was he elected? 

John Quincy Adams; elected by the House 

of Representatives. 



56 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

278. What three ex-Presidents died on the 
Fourth of July ? 

John Adams (1826), Thomas Jeiferson 

(1826), and James Monroe (1831). 

279. How long was John Quiney Adams Pres- 
ident? 

Four years; from 1825 to 1829. 

280. Who was the seventh President? 
Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee. 

281. Mention the chief events of Jackson's 
administration. 

1. Nullification (1832); 2. Black Hawk 

War (1832); 3. Veto of the U. 8. Bank Bill ; 

4. 8eminole War (began in 1835); 5. E'ew 

states admitted. 

282. Who was Osceola? 

A chief of the Seminole Indians. 

283. What states were admitted into the 
Union, in Jackson's administration? 

Arkansas (1836) and Michigan (1837). 

284. Who became President in 1837? 
Martin Van Buren, of I*Tew York. 

285. Who was inaugurated President in 1841? 
William Henry Harrison, of Ohio. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 57 

286. By what party was Harrison elected? 
By the Whig party. This was the first 

Whig victory. 

287. How long was Harrison President? 
One month. 

288. Who then became President? 

The Vice-President, John Tyler, of Vir- 
ginia. 

289. What alienated President Tyler and the 
Whig party ? 

President Tyler vetoed two Acts for the 

establishment of a National Bank. He also 

vetoed other important measures intended 

for the fulfillment of party promises. 

290. How did the Cabinet officers show their 
disapproval ? 

All resigned except Webster, Secretary of 
State. 

291. What boundary did the " Ashburton 
Treaty" settle? 

The boundary between New Brunswick 
and Maine. 

292. When and by whom was the South Pass 
discovered ? 

In 1842, by John C. Fremont. 



68 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

893. Who was Thomas W. Dorr? 

The leader of the insurgents in the Dorr 
Rehellion, which occurred in Rhode Island 
(1842). 

294. What ooiintry claimed Texas, by right of 
exploration ? 

Mexico, which became independent of 

Spain, in 1821. Spain had explored the 

country, and claimed it as a part of Mexico. 

295. What, people first settled Texas ? 
The Spaniards, in 1692. 

296. V/hat people began to settle in Texas, in 
1821? 

Citizens of the United States. Within less 
than ten years, nearly ten thousand citizens 
of the United States had settled in Texas. 
These soon outnumbered the Mexicans, and 
obtained the management of the public af- 
fairs. 

297. When did the Texans declare themselves 
indepe^ndeut? 

In 1835 the Texans declared themselves 

independent, and the Texan War follovved. 

298. Who was then President of Mexico ? 
General Santa Anna. 



ON UNITED STA.TES HISTORY. 59 

299. What was the result of the Texan War ? 
Sauta Anna was captured, and promised 

to recognize the iudependenceof Texas; but 
when released, he refused to do so. He re- 
newed the war, hut was finally defeated. 

300. What countries recognized the independ- 
ence of Texas, soon after the Texan War? 

France, Great Britain, and the United 

States. Mexico still refused to recognize it 

as an independent state. 

301 . To what country did the republic of Texas 
desire to be annexed ? 

In 1844 Texas petitioned to be annexed to 

the United States. 

302. What was the main issue in the presiden- 
tial campaign of 1844? 

The Texan question. 

303. What party favored the annexation of 
Texas ? 

The Democratic party. The Whigs oppos- 
ed the annexation. 

304. Who were the presidential candidates? 
James K. Polk (Democrat), and HenTy 

Clay (Whig). Polk was elected. 

305. When was Texas admitted ? 



60 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

In 1845, three days before Polk's inaugu- 
ration. 

SOS. Mention the two chief causes of the Mex- 
ican War. 

(1) The annexation of Texas; (2) A dis- 
pute over the western boundary of Texas. 

307. When did Mexico declare war? 
March 23, 1846. 

308. What treaty ended the Mexican War? 
The treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo (1848). 

309. What territory did the United States gain 
by the Mexican War? 

The territory now comprised in 'New Mex- 
ico, Utah, and California. The Rio Grande 
was made the western boundary of the dis- 
puted territory. 

310. What sum was paid to Mexico, as pur- 
chase money? 

$18,250,000. 

311. Mention tlie names of five American 
commanders in the Mexican War. 

Generals Scott, Taylor, Wool, Kearney, and 

Fremont. Generals Santa Anna, Ampudia, 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 61 

and Arista were the principal Mexican com- 
manders. 

312. What important discovery was made in 
1848 ? 

Gold was discovered in California. 

313. What was the Wilmot Proviso ? 

It was a provision to exclude slavery from 
all new territory. 

314. For what is Samuel F. B. Morse noted? 
He invented the magnetic telegraph. The 

patent was issued in 1837. 

315. Between what two cities was the first 
magnetic telegraph erected ? 

Washington and Baltimore (1843). 

316. What President was inaugurated March 
5,1849? 

President Taylor. 

317. How long was Taylor President ? 
Sixteen months. He died July 9, 1850. 

318. Who was inaugurated President in 1850 ? 
Millard Filmore, of Few York. 

319. What two noted men died in 1852? 
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. 



62 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

320. Who was the founder of Mormonism? 
Joseph Smith, who was murdered by a 

mob in 1844. 

321. What state was admitted in 1850? 
California. 

322. When and by whom was the sewing 
machine invented ? 

In 1843, by Elias Howe. 

323. Who became President in 1853 ? 
Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire. 

324. By what party was Pierce elected ? 
By the Democratic party. 

325. Mention the chief events of Pierce's ad- 
ministration. 

1. The Gadsden Treaty (1853) ; 2. The 

Kansas-ITebraska Bill (1854); 3. The Treaty 

of Kenagawa (1854); 4. The Kansas War 

(1857). 

326. Who was the author of the Kansas-Ne- 
braska Bill? 

Senator Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois. 

327. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Bill? 
The Bill organized Kansas and Nebraska 



ox UNITED STATES HISTORY. 63 

as territories, and gave the inhabitants of 
each the right to decide by a vote, whether 
the state should be admitted as a slave or free 
state. 

328. By what partv was James Buchanan 
elected ? 

The Democratic party. 

829. How long was Buchanan President? 
Four years ; from 1857 to 1861. 

S30. Mention the chief events in Buchanan's 
afl ministration. 

1. Dred Scott Decision (1857); 2. Trouble 
with the Mormons (1857); 3. John Brown's 
Eaid (1859); 4, Presidential election (1860); 
5. Three States admitted ; 6. Secession be- 
gun (1860); 7. Southern Confederacy organ- 
ized. 

331. What was the issue in the presidential 
campaign of 1860 ? 

The slavery question. 

332. What great party divided in 1860 ? 

In 1860 the Democratic party split on the 
slavery " plank" in their platform. 

333. Who was elected President in 1860? 



64 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. 

334o By what party was Lincoln elected ? 

The Republican party. This party was re- 
garded as anti-slavery, but its doctrines made 
no threats against slavery as it then existed. 
Its doctrines opposed the extension of slavery. 

335. How was the news of Lincoln's election 
received in the South ? 

The South believed that the election of 

Lincoln would result in the destruction of 

slavery, and the States prepared to carry into 

eflect the threat that if Lincoln was elected, 

they would secede from the Union. 

336. Mention ten remote causes of the Civil 
War. 

1. Introduction of slavery (1620); 2. The 
Missouri Compromise (1820) ; 3. Tariff Bill 
(1828); 4. Tariff Bill (1832); 5. Fugitive 
Slave Law (1850); 6. Kansas-I:Tebraska Bill 
(1854); 7. Dred Scott Decision (1857); 8. 
Publication of sectional literature; 9. John 
Brown's Raid (1859); 10. Different indus- 
trial interests. 

337. Mention three immediate causes of the 
Civil War. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 65 

1. The election of Lincoln; 2. Secession 
of States ; 3. Attack on Fort Sumter. 

338. What state led the secession movement? 
South Carolina (1860). 

339. When and where was the Southern Con- 
federacy organized ? 

In February, 1861, at Montgomery, Ala- 
bama. 

340. Who was President of the Southern Con- 
federacy ? Vice-President ? 

Jefierson Davis, of Mississippi. Alexander 
H. Stephens, of Georgia. 

341. When was Lincoln inaugurated? 
March 4, 1861. 

342. What was the first hostile act of the Con- 
federates? 

The attack on Fort Sumter. 

343. When and where was the first blood shed 
in the (!ivii War? 

On the 19th of April, 1861, while a regi- 
ment of Massachusetts militia was passing 
through the streets of Baltimore, it was at- 
tacked by a mob of several thousand. The 
soldiers fired into the crowd, and blood was 
spilt on both sides. 



66 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

344. What commanders were put at the head 
of the respective armies, at the beginniag of the 
Civil War? 

General Winlield Scott (Union) and Gen- 
eral Beauregard (Confederate). 

345. Under what circumstances did West Vir- 
ginia become a state ? 

West Virginia was formerly part of Vir- 
ginia. The people living in that part of Vir- 
ginia west of the Alleghanies refused to fol- 
low the state in the secession movement, 
and formed what was virtually a territorial 
government. The organization was recog- 
nized by Congress, and West Virginia was 
admitted as a separate state, June 20, 1863. 

346. What states formed the Southern Confed- 
eracy ? 

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Ala- 
bama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, 
Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. 

347. What city was the capital of the Southern 
Confederacy ? 

Richmond, Virginia. 

348. What was the first great battle of the war? 
The first battle of Manassas. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



67 



349. Mention the names of the two Confed- 
erate Commissioners noted in the "Trent Affair.' 

James Mason, of Virii:irna, and John Sli- 

dell, of Louisiana. 

S50. What battle was the turning event of the 
Civii vvar? 

The battle of Gettysburg. 

351. What was the result of the presidential 
election of 1864? 

President Lincoln was re-elected, and An- 
drew Johnson, of Tennessee, was elected 
Vice-President. 

352. What surrender virtually closed the Civil 
War? 

General Lee's surrender at Apponaattox 
Court-House. 

353. When and to whom did Lee surrender? 
General Lee surrendered to General U. 

S. Grant, April 9, 1865. 

354. What event does April U, 1865, suggest? 
The assassination of President Lincoln. 

355. Who became President, April 15, 1865 ? 
Vice-President Andrew Johnson. 

356. What was the Tenure-of-Office Bill? 



68 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

In 1867 Congress passed the Tenure-of-Of- 
fice Bill, which forbade any removals, from 
office, by the President, without the consent 
of the Senate. 

357. What caused President Johnson's im- 
pechment? 

President Johnson believed the Tenure-of- 
Office Bill unconstitutional. In 1867 he 
removed Secretary Stanton from office, with- 
out the consent of the Senate, and as the re- 
moval violated the Tenure-of-Office Bill, the 
House adopted articles of impeachment. 

358. When, from what government, and for 
what sum was Alaska purchased? 

In 1867, Alaska was purchased from Russia, 

for ^7,200,000. 

359. Who became President in 1869? 

General U. S. Grant, of Illinois. 



Eight years; from 1869 to 1877. 

361. Mention the chief events in Grant's ad- 
ministration. 

1. Pacific Railroad (1869) ; 2. Fifteenth 

Amendment (1870); 3. Alabama claims set- 



ON UNITED STATE HISTORY. 69 

tied (1872); 4. Chicago Fire (1871); 5. Mo- 
doc War (1873); 6. Financial Panic (1873); 
7. Centennial (1876); 8. Joint Electoral Com- 
mission (1877). 

362. What President was inaugurated March 
5, 1877? 

Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio. 

363. How lon^ was Hayes President ? 
Four years; from 1877 to 1881. 

364. What were the chief events Hayes's 
administration? 

1. Great Railroad Strike (1877); 2. Indian 
War (1877); 3. Resumption of Specie Pay- 
ment; 4. Yellow Fever Epidemic; 5. Fishery 
Dispute. 

365. Who became President March 4, 1881? 
James A. Garfield, of Ohio. 

366. When and by whona was President Gar- 
field assassinated? 

July 2, 1881, by Charles J. Guiteau. 

367. What led to the assassination of President 
Garfield? 

Trouble existed between party factions, 

caused by the appointments to office. The 



70 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

President was abused by many of his party, 
who were disappointed in not receiving an 
appointment to office. Guiteau was one of 
the disappointed office-seekers. He affirmed 
that his object in killing the President was 
to make Arthur President, and thereby unite 
the Republiijan party. 

368. When did President Garfield die ? 
September 19, 1881, after ten weeks of 

great suftering. 

369. Who succeeded President Garfield ? 
Chester A. Arthur, of New York, 

370. Mention the chief events in Arthur's ad- 
ministration. 

1. Trial and execution of Guiteau; 2. 
Civil Service Bill ; 3. Floods in the Missis- 
sippi Valley; 4. Presidential election. 

371. Who was the first Democratic President, 
after Buchanan? 

Grover Cleveland, of !N"ew York. Thomas 
A. Hendricks, of Indiana, was the Vice- 
President. 

372. How long was Cleveland President? 
Four years ; from 1885 to 1889. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 71 

373. What ex-President died in 1885? 
General Grant. 

374. Mention the chief events in Cleveland's 
administration, 

1. Death of prominent men ; 2. Civil Ser- 
vice Eeform; 3. Anarchist Riot; 4. Charles- 
ton earthquake (1886) ; 5. Inter-State Com- 
merce Act; 6. Presidential Succession Bill; 
7. Tariff Discussion; 8. Fishery troubles; 
9. Benjamin Harrison elected President. 

375. What was the Presidential Succession 
Bill? 

An act, passed in 1886, which provides 
that in case of a vacancy, caused by the 
removal, death, resignation or inability of 
both the President and Vice-President, the 
office of President shall devolve upon mem- 
bers of the Cabinet in a prescribed order, 
beginning with the Secretary of State. 

376. When was President Harrison inaugu- 
rated ? 

March 4, 1889. 

377. Who was inaugurated as Vice-President? 
Levi P. Morton, of Kew York. 



72 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

378. What territory was opened for settlement 
in 1889? 

Oklahoma. 

379. What was the Conemaugh disaster ? 

In 1889, Johnstown, Pa., situated in the 
Conemaugh valley, was destroyed by a flood. 
The water escaped from a lake or reservoir, 
known as Conemaugh Lake. 

380. Who had control of the lake? 

It had been leased by an association of 
wealthy Pittsburg men, and was used for 
fishing purpose. 

381. What caused the water to escape? 

The lake had been increased in size by 
artificial means, and the water was held by 
a dam. Recent rains had increased the vol- 
ume of water, and the dam proved too weak 
to oppose the great force. 

382. How many persons were drowned? 
About four thousand. 

383. When was Oklahoma organized as a sep- 
arate territory ? 

Oklahoma was formerly part of Indian 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 73 

Territory; in 1890 it was organized as a 
separate territory. 

384. What four states were admitted in 1889? 
North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, 

and Washington. 

385. Who is William McKinley ? 

William McKinley was born in Ohio, in 
1844. He served as captain in the Civil 
War, and was a member of Congress for 
several years. He is author of the famous 
McKinley Tariff Bill, He was elected gov- 
ernor of Ohio in 1891. 

386. What Indian reservation, in Dakota, was 
opened to white settlement in Harrison's admin- 
istration ? 

The Sioux reservation. It comprises 

9,800,050 acres of land. 

387. What two States were admitted into the 
Union in 1890? 

Idaho and Wyoming. 

388. How many states are there now (1892) in 
the United States? 

Forty-four. 

389. Mention the names of the six territories 
of the United States. 



74 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

Utah, Arizona, I^ew Mexico, Indian, Ok- 
lahoma, and Alaska. 

390. In what year did Jefferson Davis die? 
In 1889. 

391. Who was the first Republican presidential 
candidate, and when did he die ? 

John C. Fremont; he died in July, 1890. 

392. What we^e the three chief causes of the 
Indian war of 1890-1891 ? 

The chief causes were (1) the insufficiency 

of the rations issued by the Government; 

(2) religious delusions ; and (3) the inability 

of the Indians to immigrate to other parts of 

the country. 

393. What religious delusion existed among 
the Indians? 

The Indians believed that a new Messiah 

was soon to appear and restore to them the 

lands taken from them by the pale-faces. 

394. Locate the Pine Ridge reservation. ^ 
It is in South Dakota. 

395. Who was Sitting-Bull ? 
He was a great Sioux chief. 

396. What was Sitting-Bull's fate ? 



ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 75 

He was accused of being the chief instiga- 
tor of the Indian hostihties. He was arrested 
at his caii.p, and killed in a hand-to-hand 
fight between the Indian police and a few ot 
the Chief's followers. 

397. When was SittiDg-Bull killed? 
December 15, 1890. 

398. Give a brief account of the battle of 
Wounded Knee. 

Bio--Foot's band agreed to surrender. Col- 
onel Forsyth and his men began to disarm 
the band. AH of a sudden the Indians be- 
^an to fire rapidly at the troops, not twenty 
feet away, and a bloody combat ensued 
Captain Wallace and five soldiers, and about 
ninety-two Indians were killed. 

399. What was the fate of Big-Foot? 
Bl-Foot was killed early in the combat. 

He hlid been sick with pneumonia, and was 
lying before his tent, unable to rise. 

400. What noted general died February 14, 
1891? 

Yf illiam T. Sherman. 

401. What men have held the rank of Lieu- 
tenant-General in the United States Army? 



76 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

George WashiDgton, Wirifield Scott, U. 
8. Grant, P. H. Sheridan, and William T. 
Sherman. 

402. What member of the Cabinet died in 1891 ? 

William Windom, Secretary of the Treas- 
ury. Ex-Governor Foster, of Ohio, was ap- 
pointed to fill the vacancy. 

403. What noted historian died in ISPl ? 
George Bancroft. 

404. What distinguished man of letters died 
in August, 1891? 

James Russell Lowell. 

405. What is the population of the United 
States? 

The Eleventh Census shows a population 

of 62,622,250. 

406. How many inhabitants are required for 
one representative in Congress, according to the 
apportionment of 1891 ? 

The ratio is 173,901. 

407. Of how many representatives will the 
Fifty-third Congress (1893-1894) consist? 

Three hundred and fifty-six. 

408. Compare the rail-road mileage of the 
United States with that of Europe and Asia. 



ON UNITED STATES HISTOBY. 77 

The [Jnited States 172,000,Europe 146,000, 
and Asia 19,000. This shows that the United 
States has a greater mileage than both Europe 
and Asia. 

409. Mention the names of the members of 
President Harrison's Cabinet (January, 1892). 

1. James G. Blaine, Secretary ot State; 

2. Charles Foster, Secretary of the Treasury; 

3. Stephen B, Elkins, Secretary of War; 

4. William H. Miller, Attorney-General; 

5. John Wanaraaker, Postmaster-General; 

6. B. F. Tracy, Secretary of the Eavy; 7. 
John l!Toble, Secretary of the Interior ; 8. J. 
M. Eusk, Secretary of Agriculture. 



FINIS. 



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